Relative Percent Decrease Change From - 2.8 To 20.9. What Is the Absolute and Relative Difference and How To Calculate It? Formula and Calculator

Calculate the Relative Percent Decrease Change From - 2.8 to 20.9 and the Absolute Difference

The relative decrease change. Definition:

The relative decrease change is the difference in an indicator over two periods in time, v1 - v2, relative to the value of the indicator in the earlier period, v1.


  • Where:
  • v1 - is called the reference value (original, initial number);
  • v2 - is called the new value (the end value).
  • In our case: v1 = - 2.8, v2 = 20.9.

The relative decrease change. Formula:

The relative decrease change =

The actual change / |v1|

(v1 - v2) / |v1| =


  • Legend:
  • v1 - the original number
  • |v1| - the positive value of v1, |v1| >= 0. By example: |10| = 10; |-10| = 10.
  • v2 - the new value
  • The actual change = v1 - v2
  • / - the fraction bar (division)

Why do we use |v1| in the formula instead of v1?

  • Let's see what happens if we use v1 instead of |v1|:
  • Choose a random negative number as the initial value: - 6.
  • Choose a random positive number for the end value: 22.

Formula and calculation:

(v1 - v2) / v1 =

(- 6 - 22) / - 6 =

-28 / - 6 ≈

4.666666666667 ≈

4.67


Although the absolute difference is negative: -28, the relative decrease change is positive: 4.67. By using |v1| instead of v1, the error is corrected.


The relative percent decrease change. Detailed calculations below

By multiplying a number by the fraction 100/100,
we change only the form of the result, not the result.

  • 100/100 = 100% = 100 ÷ 100 = 1.
  • n × 100/100 = (n × 100)/100 = (n × 100)%, any number.

The relative percent decrease change. Formula:

The relative percent decrease change =

The relative decrease change × 100/100 =

(The relative decrease change × 100)/100 =

(The relative decrease change × 100)%


Calculate the relative percent decrease change:

(- 2.8 - 20.9)/|- 2.8| =

- 23.7/2.8 =

- 23.7 ÷ 2.8 =

- 23.7 ÷ 2.8 × 100/100 =

(- 23.7 × 100 ÷ 2.8)/100 =

(- 2,370 ÷ 2.8)/100 ≈

- 846.428571428571/100 =

- 846.428571428571% ≈

- 846.43%
(Rounded off to max. 2 decimal places)

The relative percent decrease change
from the original, initial value - 2.8 to the final, end value 20.9:

Rounded off to max. 12 decimal places ≈ - 846.428571428571%
Rounded off to max. 2 decimal places ≈ - 846.43%

The absolute (actual) difference
- 2.8 - (20.9) = - 2.8 - 20.9 = - 23.7

By what percentage has - 2.8 decreased?
Answer: By ≈ - 846.43%

By what percentage is 20.9 smaller than - 2.8?
Answer: By ≈ - 846.43%

The relative percent decrease change is negative,
so in this case we really have a relative percent increase instead
(the value goes up).

The symbols used: % percent, ÷ division, × multiplication, = the equal sign, / the fraction bar, ≈ approximately the same, |n| - the positive value of n, |n| >= 0. Writing numbers: comma ',' - as a thousands separator, point '.' as a decimal mark.

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The relative percent decrease change. The absolute difference (the actual variation). Examples

The absolute difference (the actual variation):

  • The difference between two numerical quantities, y - x, is called the absolute difference, the actual change or the actual difference.
  • When y value is the reference value (the starting value that the value of x is compared to) then the difference between y and x is called the absolute change.
  • The actual difference (the actual change) between two values is not always a good way to compare two numbers.
  • The actual change of one unit between the numbers 3 and 2 is of much more significance than the same difference of one unit between the much larger numbers of 9,999,999,999 and 9,999,999,998.
  • In this case we need to take into account the "size" of the quantities involved.

The relative decrease change from a number x to another number y

  • The relative decrease (from x to y) = (The absolute variation from x to y) / |x| = (x - y) / |x|, where x is the reference value that y is being compared to and |x| is the positive value of x.
  • For values y larger than the reference value x, the relative decrease is a negative number, and in this case we have a relative increase instead.
  • For values y that are smaller than the reference x value, the relative decrease is positive, and in this case we really have a relative decrease.
  • The relative decrease (change) is not defined if the reference value is zero, y = 0.

The relative percent decrease

  • The relative percent decrease is the relative difference calculated as a percentage;
  • Relative percent decrease = Relative decrease × 100/100 = (Relative decrease × 100)%.

Examples of calculating the relative percent decrease change

  • Relative change (from 3 to 2) = (3 - 2) / |3| = 1/3 = 0.33 = 33%
    This change is a relative percentage decrease;
  • Relative decrease (from 9,999,999,999 to 9,999,999,998) = (9,999,999,999 - 9,999,999,998) / |9,999,999,999| = 1/9,999,999,999 ≈ 0 = 0%;
  • Relative decrease (from -3 to 2) = (- 3 - 2) / |-3| = - 5/3 = -1.67 = -167%.
    The relative percent decrease is negative so we have in fact a relative percent increase;
  • The relative percent decrease (from -9,999,999,999 to 9,999,999,998) = (-9,999,999,998 - 9,999,999,999) / |-9,999,999,999| = -19,999,999,997/9,999,999,999 ≈ -2 = -200%
    This change is a relative percent increase;
  • Relative percent decrease (from 3 to -2) = (3 - (-2)) / |3| = (3 + 2) / |3| = 5/3 = 1.67 = 167%
    This change is a relative percentage decrease;
  • Relative decrease (from 9,999,999,999 to - 9,999,999,998) = (9,999,999,998 - (-9,999,999,999)) / |9,999,999,999| = (9,999,999,998 + 9,999,999,999) / |9,999,999,999| = 19,999,999,997/9,999,999,999 ≈ 2 = 200%
    This change is a relative percentage decrease.

» Calculate The Relative Percent Increase (Change)